diff --git a/wasp/apps/clock.py b/wasp/apps/clock.py
index 9225cc9..c9099be 100644
--- a/wasp/apps/clock.py
+++ b/wasp/apps/clock.py
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ class ClockApp():
     def __init__(self):
         self.meter = wasp.widgets.BatteryMeter()
 
-    def foreground(self, effect=None):
+    def foreground(self):
         """Activate the application."""
         self.on_screen = ( -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 )
-        self.draw(effect)
+        self.draw()
         wasp.system.request_tick(1000)
 
     def tick(self, ticks):
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class ClockApp():
     def wake(self):
         self.update()
 
-    def draw(self, effect=None):
+    def draw(self):
         """Redraw the display from scratch."""
         draw = wasp.watch.drawable
 
diff --git a/wasp/apps/flashlight.py b/wasp/apps/flashlight.py
index 161aade..c6c4726 100644
--- a/wasp/apps/flashlight.py
+++ b/wasp/apps/flashlight.py
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ class FlashlightApp(object):
     Shows a pure white screen with the backlight set to maximum.
     """
 
-    def foreground(self, effect=None):
+    def foreground(self):
         """Activate the application."""
         self.on_screen = ( -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 )
-        self.draw(effect)
+        self.draw()
         wasp.system.request_tick(1000)
 
         self._brightness = wasp.system.brightness
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class FlashlightApp(object):
     def tick(self, ticks):
         wasp.system.keep_awake()
 
-    def draw(self, effect=None):
+    def draw(self):
         """Redraw the display from scratch."""
         display = wasp.watch.display
         display.fill(0xffff)
diff --git a/wasp/apps/testapp.py b/wasp/apps/testapp.py
index 857ba4b..711feda 100644
--- a/wasp/apps/testapp.py
+++ b/wasp/apps/testapp.py
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ class TestApp():
         self.tests = ('Touch', 'String')
         self.test = self.tests[0]
 
-    def foreground(self, effect=None):
+    def foreground(self):
         """Activate the application."""
         self.on_screen = ( -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 )
-        self.draw(effect)
+        self.draw()
         wasp.system.request_event(wasp.EventMask.TOUCH |
                                   wasp.EventMask.SWIPE_UPDOWN)
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class TestApp():
 
         return True
 
-    def draw(self, effect=None):
+    def draw(self):
         """Redraw the display from scratch."""
         wasp.watch.display.mute(True)
         wasp.watch.drawable.fill()