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Add python script to DFU from a linux PC to the Pinetime

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bootloader/README.md
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@ -41,10 +41,10 @@ Pack the image into a .zip file for the NRF DFU protocol:
adafruit-nrfutil dfu genpkg --dev-type 0x0052 --application image.bin dfu.zip
`
Use NRFConnect or dfu.py to upload the zip file to the device:
Use NRFConnect or dfu.py (in <project root>/bootloader/ota-dfu-python) to upload the zip file to the device:
`
sudo dfu.py -z /home/jf/nrf52/bootloader/dfu.zip -a <pinetime MAC address> --legacy
`
**TODO** : dfu.py
**Note** : dfu.py is a slightly modified version of [this repo](https://github.com/daniel-thompson/ota-dfu-python).

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This directory contains source forked from https://github.com/daniel-thompson/ota-dfu-python.

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# Python nRF5 OTA DFU Controller
So... this is my fork of dingara's fork of astronomer80's fork of
foldedtoad's Python OTA DFU utility.
My own contribution is little more than a brute force conversion to
python3. It is sparsely tested so there are likely to be a few
remaining bytes versus string bugs remaining in the places I didn't test
. I used it primarily as part of
[wasp-os](https://github.com/daniel-thompson/wasp-os) as a way to
deliver OTA updates to nRF52-based smart watches, especially the
[Pine64 PineTime](https://www.pine64.org/pinetime/).
## What does it do?
This is a Python program that uses `gatttool` (provided with the Linux BlueZ driver) to achieve Over The Air (OTA) Device Firmware Updates (DFU) to a Nordic Semiconductor nRF5 (either nRF51 or nRF52) device via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE).
### Main features:
* Perform OTA DFU to an nRF5 peripheral without an external USB BLE dongle.
* Ability to detect if the peripheral is running in application mode or bootloader, and automatically switch if needed (buttonless).
* Support for both Legacy (SDK <= 11) and Secure (SDK >= 12) bootloader.
Before using this utility the nRF5 peripheral device needs to be programmed with a DFU bootloader (see Nordic Semiconductor documentation/examples for instructions on that).
## Prerequisites
* BlueZ 5.4 or above
* Python 3.6
* Python `pexpect` module (available via pip)
* Python `intelhex` module (available via pip)
## Firmware Build Requirement
* Your nRF5 peripheral firmware build method will produce a firmware file ending with either `*.hex` or `*.bin`.
* Your nRF5 firmware build method will produce an Init file ending with `.dat`.
* The typical naming convention is `application.bin` and `application.dat`, but this utility will accept other names.
## Generating init files
### Legacy bootloader
Use the `gen_dat` application (you need to compile it with `gcc gen_dat.c -o gen_dat` on first run) to generate a `.dat` file from your `.bin` file. Example:
./gen_dat application.bin application.dat
Note: The `gen_dat` utility expects a `.bin` file input, so you'll get Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) errors during DFU using a `.dat` file generated from a `.hex` file.
An alternative is to use `nrfutil` from Nordic Semiconductor, but I've found this method to be easier. You may need to edit the `gen_dat` source to fit your specific application.
### Secure bootloader
You need to use `nrfutil` to generate firmware packages for the new secure bootloader (SDK > 12) as the package needs to be signed with a private/public key pair. Note that the bootloader will need to be programmed with the corresponding public key. See the [nrfutil repo](https://github.com/NordicSemiconductor/pc-nrfutil) for details.
Note: I've had problems with the pip version of `nrfutil`. I recommend [installing from source](https://github.com/NordicSemiconductor/pc-nrfutil#running-and-installing-from-source) instead.
## Usage
There are two ways to specify firmware files for this utility. Either by specifying both the `.hex` or `.bin` file with the `.dat` file, or more easily by the `.zip` file, which contains both the hex and dat files.
The new `.zip` file form is encouraged by Nordic, but the older hex/bin + dat file methods should still work.
## Usage Examples
> sudo ./dfu.py -f ~/application.hex -d ~/application.dat -a CD:E3:4A:47:1C:E4
or:
> sudo ./dfu.py -z ~/application.zip -a CD:E3:4A:47:1C:E4
You can use the `hcitool lescan` to figure out the address of a DFU target, for example:
$ sudo hcitool -i hci0 lescan
LE Scan ...
CD:E3:4A:47:1C:E4 <TARGET_NAME>
CD:E3:4A:47:1C:E4 (unknown)
## Example Output
================================
== ==
== DFU Server ==
== ==
================================
Sending file application.bin to CD:E3:4A:47:1C:E4
bin array size: 60788
Checking DFU State...
Board needs to switch in DFU mode
Switching to DFU mode
Enable Notifications in DFU mode
Sending hex file size
Waiting for Image Size notification
Waiting for INIT DFU notification
Begin DFU
Progress: |xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx| 100.0% Complete (60788 of 60788 bytes)
Upload complete in 0 minutes and 14 seconds
segments sent: 3040
Waiting for DFU complete notification
Waiting for Firmware Validation notification
Activate and reset
DFU Server done
## TODO:
* Implement link-loss procedure for Legacy Controller.
* Update example output in readme.
* Add makefile examples.
* More code cleanup.
## Info & References
* [Nordic Legacy DFU Service](http://infocenter.nordicsemi.com/topic/com.nordic.infocenter.sdk5.v11.0.0/bledfu_transport_bleservice.html?cp=4_0_3_4_3_1_4_1)
* [Nordic Legacy DFU sequence diagrams](http://infocenter.nordicsemi.com/topic/com.nordic.infocenter.sdk5.v11.0.0/bledfu_transport_bleprofile.html?cp=4_0_3_4_3_1_4_0_1_6#ota_profile_pkt_rcpt_notif)
* [Nordic Secure DFU bootloader](http://infocenter.nordicsemi.com/topic/com.nordic.infocenter.sdk5.v12.2.0/lib_dfu_transport_ble.html?cp=4_0_1_3_5_2_2)
* [nrfutil](https://github.com/NordicSemiconductor/pc-nrfutil)

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import math
import pexpect
import time
from array import array
from util import *
from nrf_ble_dfu_controller import NrfBleDfuController
verbose = False
class Procedures:
START_DFU = 1
INITIALIZE_DFU = 2
RECEIVE_FIRMWARE_IMAGE = 3
VALIDATE_FIRMWARE = 4
ACTIVATE_IMAGE_AND_RESET = 5
RESET_SYSTEM = 6
REPORT_RECEIVED_IMAGE_SIZE = 7
PRN_REQUEST = 8
RESPONSE = 16
PACKET_RECEIPT_NOTIFICATION = 17
string_map = {
START_DFU : "START_DFU",
INITIALIZE_DFU : "INITIALIZE_DFU",
RECEIVE_FIRMWARE_IMAGE : "RECEIVE_FIRMWARE_IMAGE",
VALIDATE_FIRMWARE : "VALIDATE_FIRMWARE",
ACTIVATE_IMAGE_AND_RESET : "ACTIVATE_IMAGE_AND_RESET",
RESET_SYSTEM : "RESET_SYSTEM",
REPORT_RECEIVED_IMAGE_SIZE : "REPORT_RECEIVED_IMAGE_SIZE",
PRN_REQUEST : "PACKET_RECEIPT_NOTIFICATION_REQUEST",
RESPONSE : "RESPONSE",
PACKET_RECEIPT_NOTIFICATION : "PACKET_RECEIPT_NOTIFICATION",
}
@staticmethod
def to_string(proc):
return Procedures.string_map[proc]
@staticmethod
def from_string(proc_str):
return int(proc_str, 16)
class Responses:
SUCCESS = 1
INVALID_STATE = 2
NOT_SUPPORTED = 3
DATA_SIZE_EXCEEDS_LIMITS = 4
CRC_ERROR = 5
OPERATION_FAILED = 6
string_map = {
SUCCESS : "SUCCESS",
INVALID_STATE : "INVALID_STATE",
NOT_SUPPORTED : "NOT_SUPPORTED",
DATA_SIZE_EXCEEDS_LIMITS : "DATA_SIZE_EXCEEDS_LIMITS",
CRC_ERROR : "CRC_ERROR",
OPERATION_FAILED : "OPERATION_FAILED",
}
@staticmethod
def to_string(res):
return Responses.string_map[res]
@staticmethod
def from_string(res_str):
return int(res_str, 16)
class BleDfuControllerLegacy(NrfBleDfuController):
# Class constants
UUID_CONTROL_POINT = "00001531-1212-efde-1523-785feabcd123"
UUID_PACKET = "00001532-1212-efde-1523-785feabcd123"
UUID_VERSION = "00001534-1212-efde-1523-785feabcd123"
# Constructor inherited from abstract base class
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Start the firmware update process
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def start(self, verbose=False):
(_, self.ctrlpt_handle, self.ctrlpt_cccd_handle) = self._get_handles(self.UUID_CONTROL_POINT)
(_, self.data_handle, _) = self._get_handles(self.UUID_PACKET)
self.pkt_receipt_interval = 10
if verbose:
print('Control Point Handle: 0x%04x, CCCD: 0x%04x' % (self.ctrlpt_handle, self.ctrlpt_cccd_handle))
print('Packet handle: 0x%04x' % (self.data_handle))
# Subscribe to notifications from Control Point characteristic
if verbose: print("Enabling notifications")
self._enable_notifications(self.ctrlpt_cccd_handle)
# Send 'START DFU' + Application Command
if verbose: print("Sending START_DFU")
self._dfu_send_command(Procedures.START_DFU, [0x04])
# Transmit binary image size
# Need to pad the byte array with eight zero bytes
# (because that's what the bootloader is expecting...)
hex_size_array_lsb = uint32_to_bytes_le(len(self.bin_array))
zero_pad_array_le(hex_size_array_lsb, 8)
self._dfu_send_data(hex_size_array_lsb)
# Wait for response to Image Size
print("Waiting for Image Size notification")
self._wait_and_parse_notify()
# Send 'INIT DFU' + Init Packet Command
self._dfu_send_command(Procedures.INITIALIZE_DFU, [0x00])
# Transmit the Init image (DAT).
self._dfu_send_init()
# Send 'INIT DFU' + Init Packet Complete Command
self._dfu_send_command(Procedures.INITIALIZE_DFU, [0x01])
print("Waiting for INIT DFU notification")
# Wait for INIT DFU notification (indicates flash erase completed)
self._wait_and_parse_notify()
# Set the Packet Receipt Notification interval
if verbose: print("Setting pkt receipt notification interval")
prn = uint16_to_bytes_le(self.pkt_receipt_interval)
self._dfu_send_command(Procedures.PRN_REQUEST, prn)
# Send 'RECEIVE FIRMWARE IMAGE' command to set DFU in firmware receive state.
self._dfu_send_command(Procedures.RECEIVE_FIRMWARE_IMAGE)
# Send bin_array contents as as series of packets (burst mode).
# Each segment is pkt_payload_size bytes long.
# For every pkt_receipt_interval sends, wait for notification.
segment_count = 0
segment_total = int(math.ceil(self.image_size/float(self.pkt_payload_size)))
time_start = time.time()
last_send_time = time.time()
print("Begin DFU")
for i in range(0, self.image_size, self.pkt_payload_size):
segment = self.bin_array[i:i + self.pkt_payload_size]
self._dfu_send_data(segment)
segment_count += 1
# print "segment #{} of {}, dt = {}".format(segment_count, segment_total, time.time() - last_send_time)
# last_send_time = time.time()
if (segment_count == segment_total):
print_progress(self.image_size, self.image_size, prefix = 'Progress:', suffix = 'Complete', barLength = 50)
duration = time.time() - time_start
print("\nUpload complete in {} minutes and {} seconds".format(int(duration / 60), int(duration % 60)))
if verbose: print("segments sent: {}".format(segment_count))
print("Waiting for DFU complete notification")
# Wait for DFU complete notification
self._wait_and_parse_notify()
elif (segment_count % self.pkt_receipt_interval) == 0:
(proc, res, pkts) = self._wait_and_parse_notify()
# TODO: Check pkts == segment_count * pkt_payload_size
if res != Responses.SUCCESS:
raise Exception("bad notification status: {}".format(Responses.to_string(res)))
print_progress(pkts, self.image_size, prefix = 'Progress:', suffix = 'Complete', barLength = 50)
# Send Validate Command
self._dfu_send_command(Procedures.VALIDATE_FIRMWARE)
print("Waiting for Firmware Validation notification")
# Wait for Firmware Validation notification
self._wait_and_parse_notify()
# Wait a bit for copy on the peer to be finished
time.sleep(1)
# Send Activate and Reset Command
print("Activate and reset")
self._dfu_send_command(Procedures.ACTIVATE_IMAGE_AND_RESET)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check if the peripheral is running in bootloader (DFU) or application mode
# Returns True if the peripheral is in DFU mode
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def check_DFU_mode(self):
if verbose: print("Checking DFU State...")
cmd = 'char-read-uuid %s' % self.UUID_VERSION
if verbose: print(cmd)
self.ble_conn.sendline(cmd)
# Skip two rows
try:
res = self.ble_conn.expect('handle:.*', timeout=10)
# res = self.ble_conn.expect('handle:', timeout=10)
except pexpect.TIMEOUT as e:
print("State timeout")
except:
pass
return self.ble_conn.after.find(b'value: 08 00')!=-1
def switch_to_dfu_mode(self):
(_, bl_value_handle, bl_cccd_handle) = self._get_handles(self.UUID_CONTROL_POINT)
# Enable notifications
cmd = 'char-write-req 0x%02x %02x' % (bl_cccd_handle, 1)
if verbose: print(cmd)
self.ble_conn.sendline(cmd)
# Reset the board in DFU mode. After reset the board will be disconnected
cmd = 'char-write-req 0x%02x 0104' % (bl_value_handle)
if verbose: print(cmd)
self.ble_conn.sendline(cmd)
time.sleep(0.5)
#print "Send 'START DFU' + Application Command"
#self._dfu_state_set(0x0104)
# Reconnect the board.
#ret = self.scan_and_connect()
#if verbose: print("Connected " + str(ret))
#return ret
return 1
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Parse notification status results
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _dfu_parse_notify(self, notify):
if len(notify) < 3:
print("notify data length error")
return None
if verbose: print(notify)
dfu_notify_opcode = Procedures.from_string(notify[0])
if dfu_notify_opcode == Procedures.RESPONSE:
dfu_procedure = Procedures.from_string(notify[1])
dfu_response = Responses.from_string(notify[2])
procedure_str = Procedures.to_string(dfu_procedure)
response_str = Responses.to_string(dfu_response)
if verbose: print("opcode: 0x%02x, proc: %s, res: %s" % (dfu_notify_opcode, procedure_str, response_str))
return (dfu_procedure, dfu_response)
if dfu_notify_opcode == Procedures.PACKET_RECEIPT_NOTIFICATION:
receipt = bytes_to_uint32_le(notify[1:5])
return (dfu_notify_opcode, Responses.SUCCESS, receipt)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Wait for a notification and parse the response
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _wait_and_parse_notify(self):
if verbose: print("Waiting for notification")
notify = self._dfu_wait_for_notify()
if notify is None:
raise Exception("No notification received")
if verbose: print("Parsing notification")
result = self._dfu_parse_notify(notify)
if result[1] != Responses.SUCCESS:
raise Exception("Error in {} procedure, reason: {}".format(
Procedures.to_string(result[0]),
Responses.to_string(result[1])))
return result
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Send the Init info (*.dat file contents) to peripheral device.
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _dfu_send_init(self):
if verbose: print("dfu_send_init")
# Open the DAT file and create array of its contents
init_bin_array = array('B', open(self.datfile_path, 'rb').read())
# Transmit Init info
self._dfu_send_data(init_bin_array)

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import math
import pexpect
import time
from array import array
from util import *
from nrf_ble_dfu_controller import NrfBleDfuController
verbose = False
class Procedures:
CREATE = 0x01
SET_PRN = 0x02
CALC_CHECKSUM = 0x03
EXECUTE = 0x04
SELECT = 0x06
RESPONSE = 0x60
PARAM_COMMAND = 0x01
PARAM_DATA = 0x02
string_map = {
CREATE : "CREATE",
SET_PRN : "SET_PRN",
CALC_CHECKSUM : "CALC_CHECKSUM",
EXECUTE : "EXECUTE",
SELECT : "SELECT",
RESPONSE : "RESPONSE",
}
@staticmethod
def to_string(proc):
return Procedures.string_map[proc]
@staticmethod
def from_string(proc_str):
return int(proc_str, 16)
class Results:
INVALID_CODE = 0x00
SUCCESS = 0x01
OPCODE_NOT_SUPPORTED = 0x02
INVALID_PARAMETER = 0x03
INSUFF_RESOURCES = 0x04
INVALID_OBJECT = 0x05
UNSUPPORTED_TYPE = 0x07
OPERATION_NOT_PERMITTED = 0x08
OPERATION_FAILED = 0x0A
string_map = {
INVALID_CODE : "INVALID_CODE",
SUCCESS : "SUCCESS",
OPCODE_NOT_SUPPORTED : "OPCODE_NOT_SUPPORTED",
INVALID_PARAMETER : "INVALID_PARAMETER",
INSUFF_RESOURCES : "INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES",
INVALID_OBJECT : "INVALID_OBJECT",
UNSUPPORTED_TYPE : "UNSUPPORTED_TYPE",
OPERATION_NOT_PERMITTED : "OPERATION_NOT_PERMITTED",
OPERATION_FAILED : "OPERATION_FAILED",
}
@staticmethod
def to_string(res):
return Results.string_map[res]
@staticmethod
def from_string(res_str):
return int(res_str, 16)
class BleDfuControllerSecure(NrfBleDfuController):
# Class constants
UUID_BUTTONLESS = '8e400001-f315-4f60-9fb8-838830daea50'
UUID_CONTROL_POINT = '8ec90001-f315-4f60-9fb8-838830daea50'
UUID_PACKET = '8ec90002-f315-4f60-9fb8-838830daea50'
# Constructor inherited from abstract base class
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Start the firmware update process
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def start(self):
(_, self.ctrlpt_handle, self.ctrlpt_cccd_handle) = self._get_handles(self.UUID_CONTROL_POINT)
(_, self.data_handle, _) = self._get_handles(self.UUID_PACKET)
if verbose:
print('Control Point Handle: 0x%04x, CCCD: 0x%04x' % (self.ctrlpt_handle, self.ctrlpt_cccd_handle))
print('Packet handle: 0x%04x' % (self.data_handle))
# Subscribe to notifications from Control Point characteristic
self._enable_notifications(self.ctrlpt_cccd_handle)
# Set the Packet Receipt Notification interval
prn = uint16_to_bytes_le(self.pkt_receipt_interval)
self._dfu_send_command(Procedures.SET_PRN, prn)
self._dfu_send_init()
self._dfu_send_image()
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check if the peripheral is running in bootloader (DFU) or application mode
# Returns True if the peripheral is in DFU mode
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def check_DFU_mode(self):
print("Checking DFU State...")
self.ble_conn.sendline('characteristics')
dfu_mode = False
try:
self.ble_conn.expect([self.UUID_BUTTONLESS], timeout=2)
except pexpect.TIMEOUT as e:
dfu_mode = True
return dfu_mode
def switch_to_dfu_mode(self):
(_, bl_value_handle, bl_cccd_handle) = self._get_handles(self.UUID_BUTTONLESS)
self._enable_notifications(bl_cccd_handle)
# Reset the board in DFU mode. After reset the board will be disconnected
cmd = 'char-write-req 0x%04x 01' % (bl_value_handle)
self.ble_conn.sendline(cmd)
# Wait some time for board to reboot
time.sleep(0.5)
# Increase the mac address by one and reconnect
self.target_mac_increase(1)
return self.scan_and_connect()
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Parse notification status results
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _dfu_parse_notify(self, notify):
if len(notify) < 3:
print("notify data length error")
return None
if verbose: print(notify)
dfu_notify_opcode = Procedures.from_string(notify[0])
if dfu_notify_opcode == Procedures.RESPONSE:
dfu_procedure = Procedures.from_string(notify[1])
dfu_result = Results.from_string(notify[2])
procedure_str = Procedures.to_string(dfu_procedure)
result_str = Results.to_string(dfu_result)
# if verbose: print "opcode: {0}, proc: {1}, res: {2}".format(dfu_notify_opcode, procedure_str, result_str)
if verbose: print("opcode: 0x%02x, proc: %s, res: %s" % (dfu_notify_opcode, procedure_str, result_str))
# Packet Receipt notifications are sent in the exact same format
# as responses to the CALC_CHECKSUM procedure.
if(dfu_procedure == Procedures.CALC_CHECKSUM and dfu_result == Results.SUCCESS):
offset = bytes_to_uint32_le(notify[3:7])
crc32 = bytes_to_uint32_le(notify[7:11])
return (dfu_procedure, dfu_result, offset, crc32)
elif(dfu_procedure == Procedures.SELECT and dfu_result == Results.SUCCESS):
max_size = bytes_to_uint32_le(notify[3:7])
offset = bytes_to_uint32_le(notify[7:11])
crc32 = bytes_to_uint32_le(notify[11:15])
return (dfu_procedure, dfu_result, max_size, offset, crc32)
else:
return (dfu_procedure, dfu_result)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Wait for a notification and parse the response
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _wait_and_parse_notify(self):
if verbose: print("Waiting for notification")
notify = self._dfu_wait_for_notify()
if notify is None:
raise Exception("No notification received")
if verbose: print("Parsing notification")
result = self._dfu_parse_notify(notify)
if result[1] != Results.SUCCESS:
raise Exception("Error in {} procedure, reason: {}".format(
Procedures.to_string(result[0]),
Results.to_string(result[1])))
return result
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Send the Init info (*.dat file contents) to peripheral device.
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _dfu_send_init(self):
if verbose: print("dfu_send_init")
# Open the DAT file and create array of its contents
init_bin_array = array('B', open(self.datfile_path, 'rb').read())
init_size = len(init_bin_array)
init_crc = 0;
# Select command
self._dfu_send_command(Procedures.SELECT, [Procedures.PARAM_COMMAND]);
(proc, res, max_size, offset, crc32) = self._wait_and_parse_notify()
if offset != init_size or crc32 != init_crc:
if offset == 0 or offset > init_size:
# Create command
self._dfu_send_command(Procedures.CREATE, [Procedures.PARAM_COMMAND] + uint32_to_bytes_le(init_size))
res = self._wait_and_parse_notify()
segment_count = 0
segment_total = int(math.ceil(init_size/float(self.pkt_payload_size)))
for i in range(0, init_size, self.pkt_payload_size):
segment = init_bin_array[i:i + self.pkt_payload_size]
self._dfu_send_data(segment)
segment_count += 1
if (segment_count % self.pkt_receipt_interval) == 0:
(proc, res, offset, crc32) = self._wait_and_parse_notify()
if res != Results.SUCCESS:
raise Exception("bad notification status: {}".format(Results.to_string(res)))
# Calculate CRC
self._dfu_send_command(Procedures.CALC_CHECKSUM)
self._wait_and_parse_notify()
# Execute command
self._dfu_send_command(Procedures.EXECUTE)
self._wait_and_parse_notify()
print("Init packet successfully transfered")
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Send the Firmware image to peripheral device.
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _dfu_send_image(self):
if verbose: print("dfu_send_image")
# Select Data Object
self._dfu_send_command(Procedures.SELECT, [Procedures.PARAM_DATA])
(proc, res, max_size, offset, crc32) = self._wait_and_parse_notify()
# Split the firmware into multiple objects
num_objects = int(math.ceil(self.image_size / float(max_size)))
print("Max object size: %d, num objects: %d, offset: %d, total size: %d" % (max_size, num_objects, offset, self.image_size))
time_start = time.time()
last_send_time = time.time()
obj_offset = (offset/max_size)*max_size
while(obj_offset < self.image_size):
# print "\nSending object {} of {}".format(obj_offset/max_size+1, num_objects)
obj_offset += self._dfu_send_object(obj_offset, max_size)
# Image uploaded successfully, update the progress bar
print_progress(self.image_size, self.image_size, prefix = 'Progress:', suffix = 'Complete', barLength = 50)
duration = time.time() - time_start
print("\nUpload complete in {} minutes and {} seconds".format(int(duration / 60), int(duration % 60)))
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Send a single data object of given size and offset.
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _dfu_send_object(self, offset, obj_max_size):
if offset != self.image_size:
if offset == 0 or offset >= obj_max_size or crc32 != crc32_unsigned(self.bin_array[0:offset]):
# Create Data Object
size = min(obj_max_size, self.image_size - offset)
self._dfu_send_command(Procedures.CREATE, [Procedures.PARAM_DATA] + uint32_to_bytes_le(size))
self._wait_and_parse_notify()
segment_count = 0
segment_total = int(math.ceil(min(obj_max_size, self.image_size-offset)/float(self.pkt_payload_size)))
segment_begin = offset
segment_end = min(offset+obj_max_size, self.image_size)
for i in range(segment_begin, segment_end, self.pkt_payload_size):
num_bytes = min(self.pkt_payload_size, segment_end - i)
segment = self.bin_array[i:i + num_bytes]
self._dfu_send_data(segment)
segment_count += 1
# print "j: {} i: {}, end: {}, bytes: {}, size: {} segment #{} of {}".format(
# offset, i, segment_end, num_bytes, self.image_size, segment_count, segment_total)
if (segment_count % self.pkt_receipt_interval) == 0:
try:
(proc, res, offset, crc32) = self._wait_and_parse_notify()
except e:
# Likely no notification received, need to re-transmit object
return 0
if res != Results.SUCCESS:
raise Exception("bad notification status: {}".format(Results.to_string(res)))
if crc32 != crc32_unsigned(self.bin_array[0:offset]):
# Something went wrong, need to re-transmit this object
return 0
print_progress(offset, self.image_size, prefix = 'Progress:', suffix = 'Complete', barLength = 50)
# Calculate CRC
self._dfu_send_command(Procedures.CALC_CHECKSUM)
(proc, res, offset, crc32) = self._wait_and_parse_notify()
if(crc32 != crc32_unsigned(self.bin_array[0:offset])):
# Need to re-transmit object
return 0
# Execute command
self._dfu_send_command(Procedures.EXECUTE)
self._wait_and_parse_notify()
# If everything executed correctly, return amount of bytes transfered
return obj_max_size

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bootloader/ota-dfu-python/dfu.py Executable file
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DFU Server for Nordic nRF51 based systems.
Conforms to nRF51_SDK 11.0 BLE_DFU requirements.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"""
import os, re
import sys
import optparse
import time
import math
import traceback
from unpacker import Unpacker
from ble_secure_dfu_controller import BleDfuControllerSecure
from ble_legacy_dfu_controller import BleDfuControllerLegacy
def main():
init_msg = """
================================
== ==
== DFU Server ==
== ==
================================
"""
# print "DFU Server start"
print(init_msg)
try:
parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage='%prog -f <hex_file> -a <dfu_target_address>\n\nExample:\n\tdfu.py -f application.hex -d application.dat -a cd:e3:4a:47:1c:e4',
version='0.5')
parser.add_option('-a', '--address',
action='store',
dest="address",
type="string",
default=None,
help='DFU target address.'
)
parser.add_option('-f', '--file',
action='store',
dest="hexfile",
type="string",
default=None,
help='hex file to be uploaded.'
)
parser.add_option('-d', '--dat',
action='store',
dest="datfile",
type="string",
default=None,
help='dat file to be uploaded.'
)
parser.add_option('-z', '--zip',
action='store',
dest="zipfile",
type="string",
default=None,
help='zip file to be used.'
)
parser.add_option('--secure',
action='store_true',
dest='secure_dfu',
default=True,
help='Use secure bootloader (Nordic SDK > 12)'
)
parser.add_option('--legacy',
action='store_false',
dest='secure_dfu',
help='Use secure bootloader (Nordic SDK < 12)'
)
options, args = parser.parse_args()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
print("For help use --help")
sys.exit(2)
try:
''' Validate input parameters '''
if not options.address:
parser.print_help()
exit(2)
unpacker = None
hexfile = None
datfile = None
if options.zipfile != None:
if (options.hexfile != None) or (options.datfile != None):
print("Conflicting input directives")
exit(2)
unpacker = Unpacker()
#print options.zipfile
try:
hexfile, datfile = unpacker.unpack_zipfile(options.zipfile)
except Exception as e:
print("ERR")
print(e)
pass
else:
if (not options.hexfile) or (not options.datfile):
parser.print_help()
exit(2)
if not os.path.isfile(options.hexfile):
print("Error: Hex file doesn't exist")
exit(2)
if not os.path.isfile(options.datfile):
print("Error: DAT file doesn't exist")
exit(2)
hexfile = options.hexfile
datfile = options.datfile
''' Start of Device Firmware Update processing '''
if options.secure_dfu:
ble_dfu = BleDfuControllerSecure(options.address.upper(), hexfile, datfile)
else:
ble_dfu = BleDfuControllerLegacy(options.address.upper(), hexfile, datfile)
# Initialize inputs
ble_dfu.input_setup()
# Connect to peer device. Assume application mode.
if ble_dfu.scan_and_connect():
if not ble_dfu.check_DFU_mode():
print("Need to switch to DFU mode")
success = ble_dfu.switch_to_dfu_mode()
if not success:
print("Couldn't reconnect")
else:
# The device might already be in DFU mode (MAC + 1)
ble_dfu.target_mac_increase(1)
# Try connection with new address
print("Couldn't connect, will try DFU MAC")
if not ble_dfu.scan_and_connect():
raise Exception("Can't connect to device")
ble_dfu.start()
# Disconnect from peer device if not done already and clean up.
ble_dfu.disconnect()
except Exception as e:
# print traceback.format_exc()
print("Exception at line {}: {}".format(sys.exc_info()[2].tb_lineno, e))
pass
except:
pass
# If Unpacker for zipfile used then delete Unpacker
if unpacker != None:
unpacker.delete()
print("DFU Server done")
"""
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"""
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Do not litter the world with broken .pyc files.
sys.dont_write_bytecode = True
main()

263
bootloader/ota-dfu-python/nrf_ble_dfu_controller.py Normal file
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import os
import pexpect
import re
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
from array import array
from util import *
verbose = False
class NrfBleDfuController(object, metaclass=ABCMeta):
ctrlpt_handle = 0
ctrlpt_cccd_handle = 0
data_handle = 0
pkt_receipt_interval = 10
pkt_payload_size = 20
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Start the firmware update process
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
@abstractmethod
def start(self):
pass
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check if the peripheral is running in bootloader (DFU) or application mode
# Returns True if the peripheral is in DFU mode
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
@abstractmethod
def check_DFU_mode(self):
pass
@abstractmethod
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Switch from application to bootloader (DFU)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def switch_to_dfu_mode(self):
pass
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Parse notification status results
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
@abstractmethod
def _dfu_parse_notify(self, notify):
pass
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Wait for a notification and parse the response
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
@abstractmethod
def _wait_and_parse_notify(self):
pass
def __init__(self, target_mac, firmware_path, datfile_path):
self.target_mac = target_mac
self.firmware_path = firmware_path
self.datfile_path = datfile_path
self.ble_conn = pexpect.spawn("gatttool -b '%s' -t random --interactive" % target_mac)
self.ble_conn.delaybeforesend = 0
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Start the firmware update process
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def start(self):
(_, self.ctrlpt_handle, self.ctrlpt_cccd_handle) = self._get_handles(self.UUID_CONTROL_POINT)
(_, self.data_handle, _) = self._get_handles(self.UUID_PACKET)
if verbose:
print('Control Point Handle: 0x%04x, CCCD: 0x%04x' % (self.ctrlpt_handle, self.ctrlpt_cccd_handle))
print('Packet handle: 0x%04x' % (self.data_handle))
# Subscribe to notifications from Control Point characteristic
self._enable_notifications(self.ctrlpt_cccd_handle)
# Set the Packet Receipt Notification interval
prn = uint16_to_bytes_le(self.pkt_receipt_interval)
self._dfu_send_command(Procedures.SET_PRN, prn)
self._dfu_send_init()
self._dfu_send_image()
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Initialize:
# Hex: read and convert hexfile into bin_array
# Bin: read binfile into bin_array
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def input_setup(self):
print("Sending file " + os.path.split(self.firmware_path)[1] + " to " + self.target_mac)
if self.firmware_path == None:
raise Exception("input invalid")
name, extent = os.path.splitext(self.firmware_path)
if extent == ".bin":
self.bin_array = array('B', open(self.firmware_path, 'rb').read())
self.image_size = len(self.bin_array)
print("Binary imge size: %d" % self.image_size)
print("Binary CRC32: %d" % crc32_unsigned(array_to_hex_string(self.bin_array)))
return
if extent == ".hex":
intelhex = IntelHex(self.firmware_path)
self.bin_array = intelhex.tobinarray()
self.image_size = len(self.bin_array)
print("bin array size: ", self.image_size)
return
raise Exception("input invalid")
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Perform a scan and connect via gatttool.
# Will return True if a connection was established, False otherwise
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def scan_and_connect(self, timeout=2):
if verbose: print("scan_and_connect")
print("Connecting to %s" % (self.target_mac))
try:
self.ble_conn.expect('\[LE\]>', timeout=timeout)
except pexpect.TIMEOUT as e:
return False
self.ble_conn.sendline('connect')
try:
res = self.ble_conn.expect('.*Connection successful.*', timeout=timeout)
except pexpect.TIMEOUT as e:
return False
return True
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Disconnect from the peripheral and close the gatttool connection
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def disconnect(self):
self.ble_conn.sendline('exit')
self.ble_conn.close()
def target_mac_increase(self, inc):
self.target_mac = uint_to_mac_string(mac_string_to_uint(self.target_mac) + inc)
# Re-start gatttool with the new address
self.disconnect()
self.ble_conn = pexpect.spawn("gatttool -b '%s' -t random --interactive" % self.target_mac)
self.ble_conn.delaybeforesend = 0
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Fetch handles for a given UUID.
# Will return a three-tuple: (char handle, value handle, CCCD handle)
# Will raise an exception if the UUID is not found
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _get_handles(self, uuid):
self.ble_conn.before = ""
self.ble_conn.sendline('characteristics')
try:
self.ble_conn.expect([uuid], timeout=2)
handles = re.findall(b'.*handle: (0x....),.*char value handle: (0x....)', self.ble_conn.before)
(handle, value_handle) = handles[-1]
except pexpect.TIMEOUT as e:
raise Exception("UUID not found: {}".format(uuid))
return (int(handle, 16), int(value_handle, 16), int(value_handle, 16)+1)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Wait for notification to arrive.
# Example format: "Notification handle = 0x0019 value: 10 01 01"
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _dfu_wait_for_notify(self):
while True:
if verbose: print("dfu_wait_for_notify")
if not self.ble_conn.isalive():
print("connection not alive")
return None
try:
index = self.ble_conn.expect('Notification handle = .*? \r\n', timeout=30)
except pexpect.TIMEOUT:
#
# The gatttool does not report link-lost directly.
# The only way found to detect it is monitoring the prompt '[CON]'
# and if it goes to '[ ]' this indicates the connection has
# been broken.
# In order to get a updated prompt string, issue an empty
# sendline(''). If it contains the '[ ]' string, then
# raise an exception. Otherwise, if not a link-lost condition,
# continue to wait.
#
self.ble_conn.sendline('')
string = self.ble_conn.before
if '[ ]' in string:
print('Connection lost! ')
raise Exception('Connection Lost')
return None
if index == 0:
after = self.ble_conn.after
hxstr = after.split()[3:]
handle = int(float.fromhex(hxstr[0].decode('UTF-8')))
return hxstr[2:]
else:
print("unexpeced index: {0}".format(index))
return None
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Send a procedure + any parameters required
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _dfu_send_command(self, procedure, params=[]):
if verbose: print('_dfu_send_command')
cmd = 'char-write-req 0x%04x %02x' % (self.ctrlpt_handle, procedure)
cmd += array_to_hex_string(params)
if verbose: print(cmd)
self.ble_conn.sendline(cmd)
# Verify that command was successfully written
try:
res = self.ble_conn.expect('Characteristic value was written successfully.*', timeout=10)
except pexpect.TIMEOUT as e:
print("State timeout")
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Send an array of bytes
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _dfu_send_data(self, data):
cmd = 'char-write-cmd 0x%04x' % (self.data_handle)
cmd += ' '
cmd += array_to_hex_string(data)
if verbose: print(cmd)
self.ble_conn.sendline(cmd)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Enable notifications from the Control Point Handle
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _enable_notifications(self, cccd_handle):
if verbose: print('_enable_notifications')
cmd = 'char-write-req 0x%04x %s' % (cccd_handle, '0100')
if verbose: print(cmd)
self.ble_conn.sendline(cmd)
# Verify that command was successfully written
try:
res = self.ble_conn.expect('Characteristic value was written successfully.*', timeout=10)
except pexpect.TIMEOUT as e:
print("State timeout")

52
bootloader/ota-dfu-python/unpacker.py Normal file
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import os.path
import zipfile
import tempfile
import random
import string
import shutil
import re
from os.path import basename
class Unpacker(object):
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
def entropy(self, length):
return ''.join(random.choice('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz') for i in range (length))
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
def unpack_zipfile(self, file):
if not os.path.isfile(file):
raise Exception("Error: file, not found!")
# Create unique working direction into which the zip file is expanded
self.unzip_dir = "{0}/{1}_{2}".format(tempfile.gettempdir(), os.path.splitext(basename(file))[0], self.entropy(6))
datfilename = ""
binfilename = ""
with zipfile.ZipFile(file, 'r') as zip:
files = [item.filename for item in zip.infolist()]
datfilename = [m.group(0) for f in files for m in [re.search('.*\.dat', f)] if m].pop()
binfilename = [m.group(0) for f in files for m in [re.search('.*\.bin', f)] if m].pop()
zip.extractall(r'{0}'.format(self.unzip_dir))
datfile = "{0}/{1}".format(self.unzip_dir, datfilename)
binfile = "{0}/{1}".format(self.unzip_dir, binfilename)
# print "DAT file: " + datfile
# print "BIN file: " + binfile
return binfile, datfile
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
def delete(self):
# delete self.unzip_dir and its contents
shutil.rmtree(self.unzip_dir)

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bootloader/ota-dfu-python/util.py Normal file
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import sys
import binascii
import re
def bytes_to_uint32_le(bytes):
return (int(bytes[3], 16) << 24) | (int(bytes[2], 16) << 16) | (int(bytes[1], 16) << 8) | (int(bytes[0], 16) << 0)
def uint32_to_bytes_le(uint32):
return [(uint32 >> 0) & 0xff,
(uint32 >> 8) & 0xff,
(uint32 >> 16) & 0xff,
(uint32 >> 24) & 0xff]
def uint16_to_bytes_le(value):
return [(value >> 0 & 0xFF),
(value >> 8 & 0xFF)]
def zero_pad_array_le(data, padsize):
for i in range(0, padsize):
data.insert(0, 0)
def array_to_hex_string(arr):
hex_str = ""
for val in arr:
if val > 255:
raise Exception("Value is greater than it is possible to represent with one byte")
hex_str += "%02x" % val
return hex_str
def crc32_unsigned(bytestring):
return binascii.crc32(bytestring.encode('UTF-8')) % (1 << 32)
def mac_string_to_uint(mac):
parts = list(re.match('(..):(..):(..):(..):(..):(..)', mac).groups())
ints = [int(x, 16) for x in parts]
res = 0
for i in range(0, len(ints)):
res += (ints[len(ints)-1 - i] << 8*i)
return res
def uint_to_mac_string(mac):
ints = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
for i in range(0, len(ints)):
ints[len(ints)-1 - i] = (mac >> 8*i) & 0xff
return ':'.join(['{:02x}'.format(x).upper() for x in ints])
# Print a nice console progress bar
def print_progress(iteration, total, prefix = '', suffix = '', decimals = 1, barLength = 100):
"""
Call in a loop to create terminal progress bar
@params:
iteration - Required : current iteration (Int)
total - Required : total iterations (Int)
prefix - Optional : prefix string (Str)
suffix - Optional : suffix string (Str)
decimals - Optional : positive number of decimals in percent complete (Int)
barLength - Optional : character length of bar (Int)
"""
formatStr = "{0:." + str(decimals) + "f}"
percents = formatStr.format(100 * (iteration / float(total)))
filledLength = int(round(barLength * iteration / float(total)))
bar = 'x' * filledLength + '-' * (barLength - filledLength)
sys.stdout.write('\r%s |%s| %s%s %s (%d of %d bytes)' % (prefix, bar, percents, '%', suffix, iteration, total)),
if iteration == total:
sys.stdout.write('\n')
sys.stdout.flush()