diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/App.kt b/app/src/main/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/App.kt
index 295f906a..a99e08a6 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/App.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/App.kt
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import org.koin.dsl.module
  * @author Steve Soltys
  * @author Torsten Grote
  */
-class App : Application() {
+open class App : Application() {
 
     private val appModule = module {
         single { SettingsManager(this@App) }
@@ -52,22 +52,7 @@ class App : Application() {
 
     override fun onCreate() {
         super.onCreate()
-        startKoin {
-            androidLogger()
-            androidContext(this@App)
-            modules(
-                listOf(
-                    cryptoModule,
-                    headerModule,
-                    metadataModule,
-                    documentsProviderModule, // storage plugin
-                    backupModule,
-                    restoreModule,
-                    installModule,
-                    appModule
-                )
-            )
-        }
+        startKoin()
         if (isDebugBuild()) {
             StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(
                 StrictMode.ThreadPolicy.Builder()
@@ -88,6 +73,23 @@ class App : Application() {
         }
     }
 
+    protected open fun startKoin() = startKoin {
+        androidLogger()
+        androidContext(this@App)
+        modules(
+            listOf(
+                cryptoModule,
+                headerModule,
+                metadataModule,
+                documentsProviderModule, // storage plugin
+                backupModule,
+                restoreModule,
+                installModule,
+                appModule
+            )
+        )
+    }
+
     private val settingsManager: SettingsManager by inject()
     private val metadataManager: MetadataManager by inject()
 
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/TestApp.kt b/app/src/test/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/TestApp.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1ad45a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/test/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/TestApp.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package com.stevesoltys.seedvault
+
+import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.crypto.CipherFactory
+import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.crypto.CipherFactoryImpl
+import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.crypto.Crypto
+import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.crypto.CryptoImpl
+import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.crypto.KeyManager
+import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.crypto.KeyManagerTestImpl
+import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.header.headerModule
+import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.metadata.metadataModule
+import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.plugins.saf.documentsProviderModule
+import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.restore.install.installModule
+import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.transport.backup.backupModule
+import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.transport.restore.restoreModule
+import org.koin.android.ext.koin.androidContext
+import org.koin.core.context.startKoin
+import org.koin.dsl.module
+
+class TestApp : App() {
+
+    private val testCryptoModule = module {
+        factory<CipherFactory> { CipherFactoryImpl(get()) }
+        single<KeyManager> { KeyManagerTestImpl() }
+        single<Crypto> { CryptoImpl(get(), get(), get()) }
+    }
+    private val appModule = module {
+        single { Clock() }
+    }
+
+    override fun startKoin() = startKoin {
+        androidContext(this@TestApp)
+        modules(
+            listOf(
+                testCryptoModule,
+                headerModule,
+                metadataModule,
+                documentsProviderModule, // storage plugin
+                backupModule,
+                restoreModule,
+                installModule,
+                appModule
+            )
+        )
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/metadata/MetadataManagerTest.kt b/app/src/test/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/metadata/MetadataManagerTest.kt
index 6b356016..0aae4113 100644
--- a/app/src/test/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/metadata/MetadataManagerTest.kt
+++ b/app/src/test/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/metadata/MetadataManagerTest.kt
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM
 import android.content.pm.PackageInfo
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
 import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.Clock
+import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.TestApp
 import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.getRandomByteArray
 import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.getRandomString
 import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.metadata.PackageState.APK_AND_DATA
@@ -37,7 +38,10 @@ import kotlin.random.Random
 
 @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
-@Config(sdk = [29]) // robolectric does not support 30, yet
+@Config(
+    sdk = [29], // robolectric does not support 30, yet
+    application = TestApp::class
+)
 class MetadataManagerTest {
 
     private val context: Context = mockk()
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/plugins/saf/DocumentFileTest.kt b/app/src/test/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/plugins/saf/DocumentFileTest.kt
index 83ed6e29..49a182e4 100644
--- a/app/src/test/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/plugins/saf/DocumentFileTest.kt
+++ b/app/src/test/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/plugins/saf/DocumentFileTest.kt
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import android.net.Uri
 import android.provider.DocumentsContract
 import androidx.documentfile.provider.DocumentFile
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
+import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.TestApp
 import io.mockk.mockk
 import org.junit.After
 import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
@@ -15,7 +16,10 @@ import org.koin.core.context.stopKoin
 import org.robolectric.annotation.Config
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
-@Config(sdk = [29]) // robolectric does not support 30, yet
+@Config(
+    sdk = [29], // robolectric does not support 30, yet
+    application = TestApp::class
+)
 internal class DocumentFileTest {
 
     private val context: Context = mockk()
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/restore/install/DeviceInfoTest.kt b/app/src/test/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/restore/install/DeviceInfoTest.kt
index 4afe4ec7..414f5c1d 100644
--- a/app/src/test/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/restore/install/DeviceInfoTest.kt
+++ b/app/src/test/java/com/stevesoltys/seedvault/restore/install/DeviceInfoTest.kt
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import android.util.DisplayMetrics
 import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
 import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.R
+import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.TestApp
 import com.stevesoltys.seedvault.getRandomString
 import io.mockk.every
 import io.mockk.mockk
@@ -20,7 +21,10 @@ import org.robolectric.annotation.Config
 import kotlin.random.Random
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
-@Config(sdk = [29]) // robolectric does not support 30, yet
+@Config(
+    sdk = [29], // robolectric does not support 30, yet
+    application = TestApp::class
+)
 internal class DeviceInfoTest {
 
     @After