selfhostblocks/demo/homeassistant

Home Assistant Demo

This whole demo is highly insecure as all the private keys are available publicly. This is only done for convenience as it is just a demo. Do not expose the VM to the internet.

The flake.nix file sets up Home Assistant server that uses a LDAP server to setup users in only about 15 lines of related code.

This guide will show how to deploy this setup to a Virtual Machine, like showed here, in 6 commands.

Deploy to the VM

Build the VM with:

nixos-rebuild build-vm-with-bootloader --fast -I nixos-config=./configuration.nix -I nixpkgs=.

Start the VM with (this call is blocking, so I advice adding a & at the end of the command otherwise you will need to run the rest of the commands in another terminal):

QEMU_NET_OPTS="hostfwd=tcp::2222-:2222,hostfwd=tcp::8080-:80" ./result/bin/run-nixos-vm

With the VM started, print the VM's public age key with the following command.

nix shell nixpkgs#ssh-to-age --command sh -c 'ssh-keyscan -p 2222 -4 localhost | ssh-to-age'

The output will look like so. The value you need is the one staring with age.

# localshost:2222 SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_9.1
# localhost:2222 SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_9.1
# localhost:2222 SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_9.1
# localhost:2222 SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_9.1
# localhost:2222 SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_9.1
skipped key: got ssh-rsa key type, but only ed25519 keys are supported
age1l9dyy02qhlfcn5u9s4y2vhsvjtxj2c9avrpat6nvjd6rjar3tflq66jtz0

Now, make the secrets.yaml file decryptable in the VM. This change will appear in git status but you don't need to commit this.

SOPS_AGE_KEY_FILE=keys.txt nix run --impure nixpkgs#sops -- \
  --config sops.yaml -r -i \
  --add-age age1l9dyy02qhlfcn5u9s4y2vhsvjtxj2c9avrpat6nvjd6rjar3tflq66jtz0 \
  secrets.yaml

Make the ssh key private:

chmod 600 sshkey

This is only needed because git mangles with the permissions. You will not even see this change in git status.

Finally, deploy with:

SSH_CONFIG_FILE=ssh_config nix run nixpkgs#colmena --impure -- apply

This step will require you to accept the host's fingerprint. The deploy will take a few minutes the first time and subsequent deploys will take around 15 seconds.

Access Home Assistant Through Your Browser

Add the following entry to your /etc/hosts file:

networking.hosts = {
  "127.0.0.1" = [ "ha.example.com" "ldap.example.com" ];
};

Which produces:

$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 ha.example.com ldap.example.com

Go to [http://ldap.example.com:8080](http://ldap.example.com:8080) and login with:

• username: admin
• password: the value of the field lldap.user_password in the secrets.yaml file which is fccb94f0f64bddfe299c81410096499a.

Create the group homeassistant_user and a user assigned to that group.

Go to http://ha.example.com:8080 and login with the user and password you just created above.

In More Details

Files

• flake.nix: nix entry point, defines one target host for colmena to deploy to as well as the selfhostblock's config for setting up the home assistant server paired with the LDAP server.
• configuration.nix: defines all configuration required for colmena to deploy to the VM. The file has comments if you're interested.
• hardware-configuration.nix: defines VM specific layout. This was generated with nixos-generate-config on the VM.
• Secrets related files:
  • keys.txt: your private key for sops-nix, allows you to edit the secrets.yaml file. This file should never be published but here I did it for convenience, to be able to deploy to the VM in less steps.
  • secrets.yaml: encrypted file containing required secrets for Home Assistant and the LDAP server. This file can be publicly accessible.
  • sops.yaml: describes how to create the secrets.yaml file. Can be publicly accessible.
• SSH related files:
  • sshkey(.pub): your private and public ssh keys. Again, the private key should usually not be published as it is here but this makes it possible to deploy to the VM in less steps.
  • ssh_config: the ssh config allowing you to ssh into the VM by just using the hostname example. Usually you would store this info in your ~/.ssh/config file but it's provided here to avoid making you do that.

Virtual Machine

More info about the VM.

We use build-vm-with-bootloader instead of just build-vm as that's the only way to deploy to the VM.

The VM's User and password are both nixos, as setup in the configuration.nix file under user.users.nixos.initialPassword.

You can login with ssh -F ssh_config example. You just need to accept the fingerprint.

The VM's hard drive is a file name nixos.qcow2 in this directory. It is created when you first create the VM and re-used since. You can just remove it when you're done.

That being said, the VM uses tmpfs to create the writable nix store so if you stumble in a disk space issue, you must increase the virtualisation.vmVariantWithBootLoader.virtualisation.memorySize setting.

Secrets

More info about the secrets.

The private key in the keys.txt file is created with:

$ nix shell nixpkgs#age --command age-keygen -o keys.txt
Public key: age1algdv9xwjre3tm7969eyremfw2ftx4h8qehmmjzksrv7f2qve9dqg8pug7

We use the printed public key in the admin field of the sops.yaml file.

The secrets.yaml file must follow the format:

home-assistant: |
    name: "My Instance"
    country: "US"
    latitude_home: "0.100"
    longitude_home: "-0.100"
    time_zone: "America/Los_Angeles"
    unit_system: "metric"    
lldap:
    user_password: XXX...
    jwt_secret: YYY...

Important: the value of the home-assistant field is a string that looks like yaml. Do not remove the pipe (|) sign.

You can generate random secrets with:

$ nix run nixpkgs#openssl -- rand -hex 64

If you choose a password too small, ldap could refuse to start.

Why do we need the VM's public key

The sops.yaml file describes what private keys can decrypt and encrypt the secrets.yaml file containing the application secrets. Usually, you will create and add secrets to that file and when deploying, it will be decrypted and the secrets will be copied in the /run/secrets folder on the VM. We thus need one private key for you to edit the secrets.yaml file and one in the VM for it to decrypt the secrets.

Your private key is already pre-generated in this repo, it's the sshkey file. But when creating the VM in the step above, a new private key and its accompanying public key were automatically generated under /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key in the VM. We just need to get the public key and add it to the secrets.yaml which we did in the Deploy section.

To open the secrets.yaml file and optionnally edit it, run:

SOPS_AGE_KEY_FILE=keys.txt nix run --impure nixpkgs#sops -- \
  --config sops.yaml \
  secrets.yaml

SSH

The private and public ssh keys were created with:

ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f sshkey

You don't need to copy over the ssh public key over to the VM as we set the keyFiles option which copies the public key when the VM gets created. This allows us also to disable ssh password authentication.

For reference, if instead you didn't copy the key over on VM creating and enabled ssh authentication, here is what you would need to do to copy over the key:

$ nix shell nixpkgs#openssh --command ssh-copy-id -i sshkey -F ssh_config example

Deploy

If you get a NAR hash mismatch error like hereunder, you need to run nix flake lock --update-input selfhostblocks.

error: NAR hash mismatch in input ...